Tungsten, the chemical cycle is a class VI subgroup element with an atomic number of 74. Since 1879, Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, tungsten metal will prowess. An incandescent lamp, a tungsten iodine lamp and vacuum tube filament made of tungsten are used. Because tungsten is the metal with the highest melting point, its melting point is as high as 3410 ° C. When the incandescent lamp is lit, the temperature of the filament is as high as 3000 ° C or above, so it is known as the "fire diamond".

Tungsten was originally discovered in a white ore produced in Sweden from what was then called "heavy stone". The Swedish chemist Scheele in 1781 this mineral analysis, which demonstrated and tin-free, nor iron, lime and another containing only a particular solid substance. Scheler called the substance "tungstic acid" (tungstic acid) and believed that the reduction of tungstic acid has the potential to obtain a new metal. The mineral that was called "heavy stone" at the time, now knows that its main component is calcium tungstate, which is an important ore containing tungsten, which is called scheelite .

In 1783, two Spanish chemists, the Druyar brothers, also obtained the tungstic acid that had been discovered by Scheler from a dark brown ore in Sweden. They then placed a mixture of tungstic acid and charcoal powder in a sealed mud crucible and burned at a high temperature. After the burning is completed, the crucible is cooled, and the cover is removed, and a black-brown metal particle is formed in the crucible. It is a powder when it is ground with a finger. In the magnifying glass, it is some metal-gloss particles, which is metal tungsten. It is now known that the dark brown ore studied by the Druid brothers is tungsten- manganese ore, also known as black tungsten ore, which is another major mineral of tungsten. Scheler named the new metal "tungsten" (tungsten), named "heavy stone", and the Latin name was derived from "Woulfe", taking the symbol W.

From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, tungsten was used as an additive for steel in the metallurgical industry, and later tungsten was used as the filament of the bulb, a new method for preparing a ductile tungsten material, and the use of tungsten carbide to make it The scope of application has expanded, especially in the development of cutting-edge science and technology such as aviation and aerospace in the 1960s.

One of the most important uses of tungsten is to use it to produce cemented carbide with superhard properties, which accounts for 50% of the total production. In today's industry, examples of using hard alloys are everywhere, such as the alloy knives we often say. Heads, when they are used to cut workpieces, can be multiplied or even hundreds of times to increase the service life. The tungsten carbide cemented on the surface of the wearable workpiece of the measuring tool can improve its precision and extend the life by 20 to 150 times: hard alloy is still important. The mold material, which is used as a hot stamping die and cold drawing tool, has the best wear resistance and can increase the service life by 20 to 200 times; the hard alloy is also widely used in the wear-resistant parts such as the mining equipment for the mining industry. Drills for petroleum exploration, rolls for cold rolled foil, etc. If there is no tungsten-based cemented carbide, it is hard to imagine today's modern industry.

The second important use of tungsten metal is as an additive to steel and non-ferrous metal alloys. When steel contains tungsten, steel tempering stability, red hardness and corrosion resistance are greatly increased. Now industrially produced alloy tool steel, high speed tool steel, hot forging die steel, structural steel, spring steel, and resistant Tungsten and the like are added to hot steel and magnetic steel. It is reported that more than 20% of tungsten production is used in this regard.

Another important use of tungsten is in critical science applications such as rockets, missiles, return spacecraft, and atomic energy reactors. This is due to the excellent physical, mechanical, corrosion and nuclear properties of tungsten. For example, tungsten alloys have a strength of 44 kg/mm ​​at a high temperature of 1900 ° C. At such high temperatures, both steel and heat-resistant super alloys are melted into liquids. Tungsten is mainly used to make various kinds of cooling. Type rocket engine throat lining; nozzle made of silver- plated tungsten can withstand high temperatures above 3100 °C for various types of missiles and aircraft; rocket nozzles made of tungsten fiber composite can withstand temperatures of 3500 ° C or higher. Corrosion-resistant equipment and components can be used in the chemical industry as lubricants, pigments and catalysts for various reactions.

Tungsten is rare on the earth, but China's tungsten deposits are extremely rich, accounting for the first place in the world, including the most in the Dakang Mountains in Jiangxi. In addition, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan and other places are also rich in tungsten.

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