Chemical process pumps are essential components in the chemical and petrochemical industries, serving a wide range of applications. These pumps can be broadly categorized based on their operating principles into three main types: dynamic (vane) pumps, positive displacement pumps, and other specialized pump types. Dynamic pumps include centrifugal, axial flow, mixed flow, partial flow, vortex, and others, while positive displacement pumps consist of reciprocating, diaphragm, and rotary types such as screw, gear, vane, and lobe pumps. Additionally, there are jet pumps, electromagnetic pumps, and more.
In specific industrial processes, such as phosphate fertilizer production, the media being transported—like phosphoric acid slurry, concentrated sulfuric acid, and fluorosilicic acid—are highly corrosive and abrasive. This makes the design and material selection for these pumps particularly challenging. Phosphate slurry pumps, in particular, are critical in such environments, requiring high resistance to corrosion and wear. In the early days of the phosphate industry, many pumps had very short lifespans, prompting extensive research and development efforts by both domestic and international experts.
Over time, Chinese manufacturers and research institutions have made significant progress in developing materials like ferritic stainless steel, duplex steel, and austenitic stainless steel to improve pump performance. Today, most large-scale phosphate fertilizer plants in China use around 30–40 slurry pumps, with smaller plants using 20–30 units. The average lifespan of each pump is about six months, indicating a substantial market demand for durable and efficient solutions.
High-pressure methylamine and liquid ammonia pumps in urea plants are among the most technically demanding due to the extreme conditions they face. While various designs, including reciprocating, multistage centrifugal, and high-speed partial flow pumps, have been developed, domestic production still faces challenges, with many high-end models relying on imports.
Despite this, China has made great strides in manufacturing a wide range of pumps. However, two main issues persist: patented technologies that are only produced abroad, and low-volume, single-unit equipment that is not cost-effective to manufacture domestically. In such cases, importing foreign equipment is often recommended. Nonetheless, domestic alternatives offer significant cost advantages, especially in spare parts availability and pricing. Many users still hold misconceptions about local equipment, favoring imported options without proper evaluation. This bias hinders the broader adoption of locally produced pumps and slows down the localization process.
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