Microbial fuel cells are not a new concept. As early as 1910, the British botanist Marc Bit discovered for the first time that bacterial culture fluid was able to generate electricity. He successfully fabricated the world's first microbial fuel cell with platinum as the electrode. Recently, a team led by Bruce Logan, a professor of environmental engineering at Penn State University, tried to develop a microbial fuel cell to try to convert untreated sewage into clean water while generating electricity. The technology may also achieve desalination in the future. The development of science and technology can make many dusty dreams come true. What looks like a "tiny" battery, what exactly implies "huge" energy? Sewage contains electricity value At present, sewage treatment is time-consuming, expensive, and consumes a lot of energy. It is basically a non-productive sector. It has become a major headache for governments in various countries. According to statistics, 5% of electricity consumption is used for sewage treatment. Therefore, once the microbial fuel cell that can purify the water quality and generate electricity, it is expected to turn sewage treatment into a profitable industry. Professor Bruce Logan believes that the future of sewage treatment plants through the use of microbial fuel cells not only to meet their own electricity, but also outward transmission. Although no commercial products are available, David Begley, a University of Toronto scientist, has estimated that the potential value of energy in wastewater is 10 times the processing cost. Professor Bruce Logan believes that as long as 1/20 of the potential energy can be utilized, the WWTP can address the cost of wastewater treatment. However, he estimates, microbial fuel cells for industrial applications still need 5 to 10 years. At this stage, breaking through the key issues of industrial applications is still how to continue to reduce costs, improve battery cost. It is reported that in the early research, Bruce Logan where the research team used a lot of expensive materials, such as expensive graphite electrodes, polymers and platinum and other precious metals. But its latest battery system already uses cheaper and more environmentally friendly materials. "We can now use no precious metals," said Professor Bruce Logan. Still in the laboratory stage but the application prospects Kong Xiaoying, a researcher at the Guangzhou Institute of Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview that microbial fuel cells are still in the laboratory research phase. However, after unremitting efforts by scientific researchers, it has made remarkable breakthroughs in all aspects. The microbial fuel cell has a wide range of applications. The raw materials have evolved from simple glucose and acetic acid to complex materials such as wastewater, agricultural and livestock waste, municipal solid waste and seawater and river sediments. Functionally, it is also extended from simple electricity generation to waste water treatment, auxiliary hydrogen production, seawater desalination, soil remediation and CO2 capture. Microbial fuel cells have many different 'looks', from the two rooms to the cathode and the proton membrane together with the pressure of the single room, from membrane to membrane, from the battery to the battery pack, small button batteries, large to large Columnar battery, all reflect the rich imagination and creativity of researchers. Compared with other batteries, microbial fuel cells have diversified fuel sources, mild operating conditions, no energy input, high energy efficiency and biocompatibility. However, compared to chemical fuel cells, microbial fuel cell power output of about 4 orders of magnitude lower. Although microbial fuel cells have no competitive advantage in power output, they have good application prospects in many aspects and can be developed into cheap and long-lasting power systems. The organic pollutants in wastewater can be converted into electrical energy, which can provide micro energy for remote areas or unmanned areas, repair soil, desalinate brine and assist in hydrogen production. It can also become a new type of human pacemaker, biosensor and the like. However, how to integrate the advantages of various technologies to make microbial fuel cells widely used is an urgent problem to be solved. In addition, the use of complex mechanisms of organic electricity production, microbial community metabolic networks and other issues still need further study. Advantage: Organics "turning waste into treasure" Chris Melhurst, a researcher at Bristol Robotics Laboratory in the United Kingdom, said that in theory, it is only necessary to find a suitable microorganism, and the microbial fuel cell can be driven by any organic substance. Suitable microorganisms to meet two conditions: First, to make good use of raw materials; the second is the metabolism of raw materials produced by the electron transfer to the battery electrode. For example, Kong said, for example, to make microbial fuel cells using cellulose-rich waste paper, wood, corn leaf, corn stalks and so on, we must first find cellulose degrading microorganisms. The bovine gastric juice is a good choice, The rumen gastric juice is obtained from the stomach, and the gastric juice is extracted through the cannula placed on the rumen of the cow. The raw materials containing cellulose and the gastric juice containing the cellulose-degrading microorganisms are mixed and then added to the fuel cell device. After repeated "domestication" Microorganisms to adapt to the electrode electron transfer, it may be a use of abandoned organic matter microbial fuel cells. Ohio State University is the use of dairy cows to produce fuel cell degradation of cellulose. Microbial fuel cell materials are widely used, different types of battery materials are also different, such as wastewater treatment of microbial fuel cells is the main raw material waste water, soil repair microbial fuel cell materials are soil. Those novel microbial "power generation" new technologies It can be said that almost any type of organic waste material can be used as raw material for the production of microbial fuel cells, such as wheat straw, animal manure and wastewater from the wine, beer or dairy industries. But no matter what type of microbial fuel cell, the raw materials used are essentially carbohydrates, alcohols, proteins and other organic matter. Expert Comment: Making microbial fuel cells from urine or whey is a viable work in the lab, and both of these findings are made under specific conditions. In the experiment of producing microbial fuel cell in urine, researchers used the urine produced by normal metabolism of disease-free persons as culture medium to "acclimate" the activated sludge from the sewage treatment plant, and thus the microbial fuel cell constructed Very small power. Since microbes are normally started with organic materials at low concentrations, they are diluted at high concentrations. At the same time, urine or whey of various components can be widely used and electric energy can be increased if suitable electroporation microbes and efficient battery configurations are found in actual operation. 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