The CNC milling machine introduced in this paper is a three-axis system equipped with X, Y, and Z linear axes, an upper axis, and various auxiliary functions such as hydraulic pressure, lubrication, and cooling. The electrical control system includes a digital CNC (Numerical Control) system, a digital servo drive, a spindle frequency conversion speed control system, and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) for input/output operations. This system manages the interaction between the operator and the machine, controls coordinate movement, spindle operation, and auxiliary functions like cooling and lubrication.
The machine utilizes HEIDEHAIN linear encoders for full closed-loop feedback on the three axes, while the spindle is an electric motor controlled by a Schneider inverter. The electrical control system integrates the NUM1050 digital control system from France's NUM company, paired with the MDLUNUMDRIVE numerical control servo drive. The PLC program is developed using the built-in PLC function of the NUM1050 system, making it highly flexible and easy to maintain.
The NUM1050 is a powerful 64-bit digital control system featuring fast processing, high precision, and robust communication capabilities. It supports graphic displays, program storage, and real-time data exchange. The built-in PLC allows for seamless interaction with external devices through I/O modules, with data exchanged via specific variables such as %I, %Q, %R, and %W.
The PLC programming of the NUM1050 system supports multiple languages, including ladder logic, assembly, and C. The program is structured into task modules and subroutines, such as %INI for initialization, %TS for cyclic tasks, and %TH for interrupt tasks. These modules are used to manage different machine functions, such as lubrication, cooling, tool clamping, and coordinate motion.
The PLC program for the three-axis milling machine was developed using PLCTOOL, a user-friendly software that simplifies ladder diagram and C language programming. The design uses ladder logic for its clarity and ease of debugging. Key functions like machine start, tool change, and fault reset are implemented through custom buttons on the operator panel, which are connected via fiber optics for increased reliability.
Each module in the PLC program has a specific role: %SP2 controls custom buttons, %SP3 handles safety checks, %SP5 enables axis servos, and %SP6 manages the spindle and related components. These modules work together to ensure smooth machine operation and efficient troubleshooting.
Overall, the design of the PLC program proves effective, with modular structure enhancing both development and maintenance. This approach not only ensures reliable performance but also provides a solid foundation for future CNC machine designs.
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Taizhou Tentcool Trade Co., Ltd. , https://www.tentcoolcompressor.com