The focus of global railway investment is shifting from high-speed railways to urban railways such as subways. The demand for vehicles for subways, trams and suburban trams is expected to increase by 20% by 2017. As the urban population of emerging economies continues to increase, the railway network needs to be improved. Under the background that the market is expected to achieve stable growth, various vehicle manufacturers are accelerating the localization of production and R&D, and strive to obtain orders. This change will affect the development of many related industries.

According to the Nikkei News quoted a market survey by the European Union of Railway Industry (unife), the demand for vehicles for urban railways from 2015 to 2017 is 36 billion euros per year. Demand for subways will increase by 20% from 2009 to 2011.

It is expected that the demand for high-speed trains and other trains that have been driving the market for the same period will be 26 billion euros, which will only increase by 13%. Because China had a major accident in July 2011, it stopped the construction of high-speed rails to ensure safety. However, on the other hand, by 2015, there will be more than 300 Asian cities with a population of 1 million, and the expansion of transportation volume is indispensable.

In 2017, Ho Chi Minh City will open the first subway in Vietnam. In India, not only in major cities such as Delhi, but also plans to build subways and monorails in cities with a population of over 3 million such as Bhopal and Jaipur. In the Middle East, Doha, Qatar, has finalized engineering companies and consulting companies responsible for subway construction in August. It plans to hold the World Cup to promote the process of modernization in order to meet the city in 2022.

High-speed rail construction needs of mechanical engineering in general, the construction project is divided into railway construction roadbed engineering, bridge engineering, tunnel engineering, rail engineering, station house engineering and electrical engineering and other aspects, different construction projects will reflect their own Machinery demand characteristics. However, due to the large proportion of bridges in the construction of high-speed railways, the types and quantities of construction machinery required for construction around the bridges are relatively large.

Features subgrade subgrade are mainly large amount of civil works, involving earthwork construction machinery and transport vehicles. Subgrade earthwork construction generally uses excavators for excavation, loader loading, dump truck loading, bulldozer paving, leveling machine leveling, heavy roller compaction, and compaction machine compaction. The graded gravel uses the centralized plant mixing method and the paving machine spreads; the rest of the roadbed packing uses the grader and the bulldozer for joint paving. For rock subgrade (or cutting) construction, blasting excavation is also required. Stones after blasting are loaded with bulldozers and excavators, transported by dump trucks, and unloaded to the filling section or abandonment plant; for soft soil subgrade construction, Special equipment shall be used to apply pipe piles, jet grouting piles, CFG piles, and borehole grouting methods in advance to create conditions for preloading the earthwork and subsequent subgrade filling to ensure that there is sufficient settling consolidation period.

For high-standard high-speed railway projects, the foundation construction in subgrade engineering is particularly important. It requires basic drilling rigs (counter-reverse drilling rigs, rotary drilling rigs and long spiral drilling rigs), concrete machinery, and steel processing equipment. Bridge piles are generally drilled with rotary drilling rigs, and steel cages are lowered with truck cranes (short steel cages can also be lifted with rotary drilling rigs with hooks and excavators). Concrete mixer trucks are used together with concrete boom trucks to place concrete. The last pile. Then pour the pier and pier.

Since the bridge project started large-scale construction of the high-speed railway passenger dedicated line in China, the amount of bridge projects has occupied a large proportion and has become an important force for pulling bridges to manufacture, transport, erect special equipment and concrete machinery.

Bridge engineering is divided into concrete prefabricated box girders and cast-in-place concrete box girders, of which prefabricated simple box girders are the main ones. Equipment requirements include concrete complete sets of machinery, lifting appliances, hydraulic steel formwork, steel rebar processing equipment, beam transporters, beam lifters, bridge erectors, moving formwork bridge builders, and power equipment. No matter whether it is prefabricated box girder or cast-in-place box girder, the concrete production adopts centralized plant mixing. In the plain area, an average concrete mixer station is set at 10-15km, with a production capacity of approximately 100-150m3/h, and approximately 15-20 concrete units. Mixing trucks, 4 to 6 concrete pump trucks complete the pouring operation, in addition there are other supporting equipment.

Prefabricated box girders mainly rely on a concrete prefabricated beam yard every 20 to 30 kilometers, on-demand precast concrete of a certain size (mainly including 20 meters, 24 meters and 32 meters, with a majority of 900 tons of 32 meters box beams) Box girder. Concrete prefabricated box girder manufacturing mainly depends on concrete mixing stations, concrete transport vehicles, concrete pumps (or pump trucks), concrete distribution posts, prefabricated box girder hydraulic formwork, and rebar processing machines. The box girder handling in the girder yard is mainly completed by a wheel-rail or tire-type lifter, and may also be completed by a wheel-rail type mobile trolley. The finished prefabricated box girder will be transported to the station by the beam transporter and then installed by the bridge erector.

In the case where prefabricated simply supported beams cannot be used, cast-in-place concrete continuous beams, steel beams, etc. must be used. Because cast-in-place continuous beam construction has a large amount of cranes, it is usually erected by a vertical tower crane. Beams are generally constructed using a movable formwork bridge-building machine suspension suspension method or a bracket cast-in-place concrete method.

For the construction of cross-sea and cross-river bridges in deep-water construction, special construction equipment such as piling vessels, concrete mixing vessels and crane vessels are also required.

The construction of high-speed rail tunnel projects for tunnel construction is generally performed by a drill-and-blast method. The equipment required for this construction method includes rock-drilling machines (drilling rigs), slag loading (dumping machines) and slag discharge equipment, lining equipment, concrete jets, and earth-rock machines. Commonly used tunnel construction machinery. Tunnels are also constructed using full-face tunneling. The main equipment is a shield machine for soft soil construction and a full-surface hard rock tunneling machine (TBM) for hard rock. The cost of construction equipment is high.

Track Engineering Because China High Speed ​​Railway designs two target speeds according to the speed, the passenger speed line is 200-250 km/h and 300-350 km/h. There are significant differences in the orbital forms of the two target values. The 300-350 km per hour dedicated passenger line generally adopts ballastless tracks; the 200-250 km per hour dedicated passenger line generally adopts a ballasted track (taking into account some freight requirements). Thus, this also brings two different construction methods to the track project, and the two types of work methods have different requirements for equipment. First, the construction of ballastless track requires sleeper production equipment, bedding equipment, CA asphalt cement mortar mixing and infusion equipment, track paving equipment, in addition to the need for coarse and fine-tuning equipment; second, the construction of a ballast track. Requires crushing and screening equipment, transportation equipment, track laying and tamping equipment. Orbital welding includes welding equipment such as welding equipment, on-site welding equipment and power equipment. Ballastless track slabs are generally manufactured in factories.

The station building project now has a more perfect function and facilities for high-speed railway stations, and also emphasizes the aesthetics of architecture and architecture. Some stations also serve as transportation hubs that seamlessly connect airports, buses, and urban rail transit. Therefore, basic construction and civil construction With a large amount of construction and installation work. In addition to the conventional civil construction, the existing station building project also uses a large number of steel structures and grid structures. Therefore, in addition to earth-rock machines, concrete machines, and construction cranes, crawler cranes and all-terrain cranes have a large lifting capacity. The demand for construction cranes increased. In addition to the steel cage used for the cast-in-situ construction of bridge piles in front, many equipments such as assembly and maintenance, material handling, and building installation require truck cranes and crawler cranes to assist in operations.

The electrified engineering high-speed railway passenger dedicated lines all use electric traction, and the EMUs under high-speed driving put high demands on the quality of the contact network, especially the smoothness. Electrification projects generally use constant tension pay-off vehicles, pole vehicles, electrified vehicles and other special equipment. Catenary wire discharge equipment is the main construction machinery for electrification projects.

Construction Unit Equipment Organizational Measures General equipment refers to construction machinery that is common to other civil engineering projects and has a large social holding capacity. Like mechanical earthwork (ground treatment including mechanical, open Zaoyanjixie, sieving mixing subgrade filling machinery, earth handling machinery, compaction machinery, etc.) and concrete machine (including a combination of mechanical sieving concrete aggregate and concrete mixing, transportation, pouring Machinery, etc.) are all generic equipment.

Among the specific types of construction machinery, the larger ones are excavators, bulldozers, loaders, road rollers, rotary drilling rigs, concrete mixing stations, concrete pumps and pump trucks, and truck cranes. For general construction machinery and equipment, the construction unit owns few equipments and can not meet the needs of many target sections at the same time. Therefore, most of them use leasing methods. There are professional leasing companies that provide leasing equipment services, as well as self-employed individuals, of which self-employed Mostly.

The special construction machinery for railway construction such as bridge erectors, beam carriers, and beam elevators is mainly self-owned and leased. Because equipment costs are high, they are generally reused as long as they are within their service life. Taking the bridge erector as an example, there are more than 200 units in use in China, including 450-ton, 550-ton, 600-ton, and especially 900-ton non-guide beam, upper guide beam, and lower guide beam type bridge erection machines because of the designed service life. It is relatively long, usually about 20 years, so the new equipment purchased by the construction unit is not much, and the existing equipment is the main transition. In the transition, some equipment may be necessary to adapt to the newly designed box girder.