The near period development target that important technique material work with offend to close the contents first Abstract  : According to the "petrochemical industry restructuring and revitalization plan" should be the main problem in the development of the fertilizer industry concerns, talk about the main direction of development of major fertilizers in the relevant technology and equipment to work in the coming period, the focus will be to complete the pulverized coal gasification equipment localization Recently, the "Petrochemical Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" has been reviewed and adopted in principle at the State Council's executive meeting. The "Planning" was launched in the context of the continued deepening and spread of the global financial crisis and the declining demand resulting in the continuous decline of oil and chemical production. "Planning" not only needs to find a way out of the production and operation crisis for the deeply troubled oil and chemical companies, but also accumulates the oil and chemical industry due to rapid growth over the years, which seriously restricts the various industries in sustainable development. A major adjustment was made to the internal contradictions so as to achieve the purpose of fulfilling the general requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to “preserve growth, expand domestic demand, and adjust structureâ€. The "planning" shows that the development of the fertilizer industry is again mentioned on the country's important agenda. "Planning" mentioned many times to solve the problems that should be the main concern in the current development of the fertilizer industry, such as solving the periodic supply and demand for refined oil, fertilizer and other products. The problem of agricultural resources guarantee capacity caused by imbalances; solving large-scale oil refining, ethylene, chemical fertilizers and other industrial technology scale and integration issues; and solving key issues such as modern coal chemical industry and cutting-edge technology research and development issues. According to China's " oil and chemical industry " " Eleventh Five-Year Plan " development requirements for the fertilizer industry: in accordance with the requirements of the base, large-scale, speed up the adjustment of fertilizer industry layout and raw materials, power structure. Build large-scale fertilizer production bases in energy production areas and grain and cotton production areas. Completely self nitrogen, phosphorus self-sufficiency, self-sufficiency rate above 30% potassium fertilizer. Where the nitrogenous fertilizer industry to speed up the adjustment of product structure, accelerate the transformation of raw material routes and route technology, natural gas and coal-rich region and build several one million tons of urea plant and so on. In the process of resolving the above problems or implementing the above objectives, localization of major technical equipment for fertilizers is an indispensable link. 1 Achievements of major technological equipment for chemical fertilizers Fertilizer equipment has long been one of the key developments in the domestic chemical equipment manufacturing industry. Since the 1970s, due to the inability to master the core technologies required for fertilizer production and construction, the country has three large-scale introductions of chemical fertilizer complete sets of technical equipment, including nitrogen fertilizer industry. The introduction of an annual output of 300,000 tons of synthetic ammonia plants exceeds 30 sets, and an annual output of 520,000 tons of urea plants exceeds 50 sets. Of course, in order to solve the large-scale production equipment necessary for the development of the modern chemical industry, it is necessary for the state to introduce foreign chemical production technologies and some key equipment in a historical period to improve the advancedness and reliability of domestic chemical installations. However, a large number of repeated introductions will cost huge additional foreign exchange, resulting in high construction costs. Even if the technology of imported equipment is relatively high, energy consumption is relatively high, and the benefits brought by it are far from enough to make up for depreciation and debt service. No advanced technology and scale advantages and economic benefits, so only through the nationalization of major technical equipment for fertilizers, so that the main production technology and key technical equipment for chemical fertilizers can be based in the country, in order to completely get rid of China's chemical fertilizers subject to human conditions. This country has always been the guiding ideology of the major technologies and equipment localization of fertilizer are: fertilizer industry in close connection with the development needs of our country, the use of government macro-control means, focus on the necessary human, material and financial resources, to fertilizer production process of key technology and equipment Breakthroughs, with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, quality-based, and efficiency as the center, through the combination of technology introduction and technological transformation, gradually grasp the core key technologies and increase the competitiveness of the domestic equipment market for major equipment manufacturing. The nationalization of major technical equipment for ammonia production started in the 1970s. At the time, the nation’s three urea plants in Zhenhai, Xinjiang, and Ningxia were used in the construction process, and the “complete introduction†was changed to “one buy and three cooperations†(that is, the purchase of foreign patents). The policy opportunities of technology, cooperative design, cooperative procurement, and cooperative manufacturing have brought some key equipment such as CO2 compressors, high-pressure scrubbers, high-pressure condensers, scraper feeders, picking machines, and packaging machines from imports into cooperation with domestic and foreign manufacturers. Manufacturing, these localized equipments have been operating well after being put into operation, and the main technical and economic indicators are close to the advanced level of similar foreign equipments of the time. Secondly, by utilizing the synthetic ammonia technology reform project of Sichuan Chemical Industry General Factory in the mid-1980s, and adopting an internationally common chemical construction method (that is, the introduction of a technical patent or basic design, which was contracted by a domestic engineering company or a design company), the company successfully built an annual output. 200,000- ton synthetic ammonia plant, including four major centrifugal compressors such as air compressors, natural gas compressors, synthesis gas compressors and ammonia compressors, and a section of reformer furnace tubes, combined ammonia coolers, synthesis towers, and waste heat boilers The equipment is manufactured by domestic manufacturers. The device was successfully tested at the end of 1990. The energy consumption per ton of ammonia in this device reached the current international level of 7.22 million kcal. The third is to use the opportunity of the country’s large-scale development of synthetic ammonia technology using coal as raw materials in the early 1990s. Through the introduction of process software packages and some key equipment, the Lunan Fertilizer Plant, the Shanghai “ Three Joint Supply †Project and the Luohe Chemical Fertilizer Plant have been established. the coal slurry gasification plant has made various pressure levels (2.7, 4.0, 6.5MPa) and various production scale (80,000, 100,000, 300,000 dwt) in engineering practice. Fourth, at the beginning of this century, relying on the large-scale chemical fertilizer construction project of the Huaru Hengsheng Group of Dezhou, it will develop almost all the tasks for digestion, absorption, and research that have been arranged for large-scale fertilizer production facilities for many years, and systematically connect the entire process in a single production facility. Together, it will eventually realize the localization of complete sets of technical equipment for fertilisers represented by 300,000 tons / year synthetic ammonia plants . Among them: the development and research of four-jet impingement flow coal slurry gasification software package, low temperature methanol wash and liquid nitrogen wash process software package, 11.0Mpa ammonia synthesis process software package, aqueous solution full cycle urea plant transformation process software package, etc.; Pulp and gasification furnace (including gasification furnace body development, nozzle development and refractories development), gasification key valves, gasification key pumps (including gray water circulation pump, lock barrel circulation pump development and clarification tank bottom pump, slag pool pump The development of key coal-water slurry gasification equipment such as the development of slag crusher; CO2 absorption tower, product tower, H2S enrichment tower, development of multi-strand large-scale winding heat exchangers and key equipment for purification process such as liquid nitrogen scrubbing tank Development; development of ammonia synthesis towers, synthetic ammonia waste heat boilers, synthesis gas steam superheaters, synthesis gas compressors, and ammonia compressors; development of key technologies for large-particle urea development; and development of key urea equipment such as bimetallic tube stripper Relying on the large chemical fertilizer construction project in Texas, it was successfully developed. In December 2004 , the device was successfully launched in one-time operation to produce qualified products. The total investment of the project is more than half of the imported equipment, and the localization rate calculated by investment is 93.8% . 2 Key Points for the Development of Localization of Major Technical Equipment for Fertilizer According to China's "oil and chemical industry" Eleventh Five-Year "development plan", the biggest task "during" China fertilizer industry faces is to save Social Adaptation nation-building resources brought about by the adjustment of industrial structure, structure of raw materials from oil and further Natural gas turned to coal and developed advanced coal-made ammonia production technology . China's coal resources are abundant. According to the Mineral Resources Bulletin of the Ministry of Land and Resources, China's total coal resources are forecasted at 55,697 billion tons, and proven reserves are 10,40 billion tons . Of the total reserves of fossil energy in China, 95.6 % are coal and 3.2 % are oil. , 1.2% natural gas, China's primary energy mix rich in coal, oil-poor, less gas is characterized by very obvious. According to the data provided in the " 2008 World Energy Statistics Abstract," China's energy consumption structure currently accounts for 70.4 percent of coal , 19.7 percent of oil, 3.3 percent of natural gas , 0.8 percent of nuclear power , and 5.9 percent of hydropower . Among them, coal is second only to South Africa ( 76.5 % ) in terms of energy consumption structure , which is far higher than that of Western developed countries (US 24.3 %, UK 18.7 %, France 4.7 %, Germany 27.7 %, so China is the largest in the world). In the coal-producing and consuming countries, the state of energy-consumption-based coal will not change much in the future for a long period of time, so the development of modern coal-based chemical technologies will become a long-term historical period in China’s chemical industry. The main task of the development of major technical equipment for modern coal chemical industry is also a major task of China's chemical equipment industry.Coal was once the main raw material of traditional chemical industry. Although a large number of cheap Middle Eastern oil entered the market to gradually replace coal since the 1950s. the birth of the petrochemical as a symbol of the modern chemical industry. but our resources affected by factors have maintained a considerable scale coal chemical production capacity to lump coal as raw material coal tar chemical industry and chemical industry as well as calcium carbide and acetylene chemical and other traditional crafts technology remains a considerable share in China's major chemical producers in recent Years due to international oil prices continue to rise, coal as a raw material in the chemical industry again showed a competitive advantage based on abundant domestic coal resources, the transformation of traditional coal chemical production processes inefficient, high consumption, high pollution, the development of modern coal Chemical technology , to solve the shortage of oil and gas resources in China, balance energy structure, Safeguarding national energy security and the sustained and stable development of the national economy are of great strategic and practical significance. Compared with traditional coal chemical technology, modern coal chemical technology is a kind of clean production technology, that is, a safe, pollution-free or minimal pollution, and coal utilization efficiency is the highest coal mining, processing, combustion, gasification, The transformation of series technologies and clean production technologies will take human society a step forward in the comprehensive utilization of coal and environmental protection. For countries with large coal resources such as China, clean production technology should be a highly flexible resource / energy / environmental integration system technology proposed from the perspective of the overall development of the national economy and across industry boundaries . Therefore, the modern coal chemical technology can be referred to as the cogeneration technology with the coal gasification technology as the core. The main points are: using coal as raw material with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched gas to produce synthesis gas with CO+H2 as the main component, syngas It can be directly used for the production of synthetic ammonia, methanol, liquefied alkanes and city gas; production of urea, nitric acid, soda ash, methylamine, caprolactam and acrylonitrile with synthetic ammonia; production of dimethyl ether, acetic acid, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, ethylene, propylene with methanol And methane chloride; liquefied alkanes include liquefied natural gas, gasoline, diesel, and kerosene that can be directly used as fuel; and naphtha and paraffin that are raw materials for other products; city gas can be directly consumed as fuel, and can also be used in large-scale power plants. raw material. The above products can also be used as basic chemical raw materials to produce other downstream chemical products. Of course, the traditional coal gasification, coke and calcium carbide, polyvinyl chloride production technology can also be enhanced through the development of technology and innovation and development of modern coal chemical industry. The shortage of water resources, carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental pollution and other factors that affect the development of coal chemical industry will also be resolved. Theoretically speaking, there is no major problem in the technology of coal as an alternative to oil and natural gas as raw materials for the production of synthetic ammonia. However, whether or not the industry can completely replace oil or natural gas feedstocks is a prerequisite for whether chemical products with coal as raw materials have market competitiveness. Whether the pollution produced in the production process can be controlled and treated. Therefore, the development of coal chemical industry is based on the existing petrochemical production technology to develop a more efficient, low pollution, more economical process technology. Of course, whether it is the structural adjustment of the traditional coal chemical industry or the development of modern coal chemical industry , its technical equipment is a necessary supporting condition. The domesticization of coal chemical technology equipment is a long-term strategy for accelerating the progress and development of China's coal chemical industry technology equipment, improving the overall competitiveness of the coal chemical industry, is an inevitable requirement for the transformation of the economic growth mode, and is a decisive condition for improving market competitiveness. With the development of economic globalization, the domestic and foreign markets have gradually joined together. The localization of coal chemical technology equipment can foster independent research and development capabilities. The localization of coal chemical technology equipment promotes joint ventures between enterprises and scientific research institutes, and can promote the research and development of a large number of related technologies and the development of supporting industries. Without first-class technical equipment, it is very important. It is difficult to ensure the quality of products, and the technical level of production equipment often determines the competitiveness of products. Key technologies to be solved in the nitrogen fertilizer industry in China during the “ 11th Five-Year Plan†period: First, to solve the new coal gasification technologies, Comprising a pressurized gasification technology to low quality coal, high-sulfur coal as raw materials; second is to solve advanced purification and synthesis techniques, including high efficiency, large-scale desulfurization and decarbonization, conversion, gas purification, ammonia synthesis techniques; Third solution cogeneration Production technology mainly refers to the use of circulating fluidized bed boilers, which use resources such as gas slag, coal dust, and blow gas. Wood Chipper Machine
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Cheng Zhifang (China Chemical Machinery and Power Technology Association) Beijing 100011 )
Dong Wansen (China Chemical Industry Research Institute) Beijing 100011 )