Since the establishment of Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co., Ltd. in Fuqing 20 years ago, Cao Dewang has developed his company into the world's fourth-largest glass producer. With the ingenious combination of China's cheap labor and advanced American technology, he successfully began exporting products to American automakers in 2006. Since then, exports have accounted for 10% of the company's total orders. Now, thanks to the increasingly close relationship between Fuyao and General Motors, Fuyao's sales in North America will continue to grow if it can survive the credit crisis and receive government assistance. According to an industry manager familiar with Fuyao, Fuyao’s annual sales in North America are approximately US$20 million (137 million yuan), and by 2011, this figure is expected to increase to US$60 million (411 million yuan). RMB). Fuyao supplies glass to Chevrolet Malibu and other GM models. Cao Dewang is a firm-minded, calm-minded person. He is only 63 years old and has only received formal education for 7 years. For the first 15 years since he entered the community, he has been selling fruits and cigarettes in the streets of high-altitude towns along the coast of Fujian. Cao Dewang ushered in a major turning point in life in 1983. At that time, Deng Xiaoping, who was in charge of the Chinese regime after Mao Zedong, initiated economic reforms. Cao Dewang’s state-owned glass factory, which has served as a salesman’s loss, asked him to become the factory manager. After quickly turning the factory into a profit, he founded his own automotive glass manufacturing company in 1987. In 1993, Fuyao became the first company in Fujian Province to be listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange under the strong support of the local government. Become the universal best supplier When Cao Dewang signed the first export contract to supply products to a US automobile factory, Fuyao already had a 60% share of the Chinese auto market. In 2005, Fuyao obtained the technology license of the largest glass producer in the United States, PPG Industries, to build two new production lines. The PPG reorganized new company Pittsburgh Glass Works LLC still purchases spare glass for cars from Fuyao. However, unlike Fuyao, Pittsburgh Glass Works stated that it will not attempt to supply Chinese-made glass to American automakers, given its customers' need for immediate delivery of parts. In 2006, the Volkswagen Group’s US factory determined that the quality of Fuyao Glass had met its requirements and therefore Fuyao was a supplier. Following the public, Fuyao was also named as its 2007 best supplier by April of that year. Cao Dewang ranked 53rd in the 2008 China Rich List released by Forbes magazine on October 29, with total assets of US$710 million (4.9 billion yuan). In North America, Fuyao opened a sales center on the outskirts of Detroit in September last year to handle glass shipped from China to General Motors. Chris Feng, president of Fuyao North America, declined to confirm Fuyao’s North American sales and future goals. He said: "Because of the reduction in production and the restructuring of the Detroit Auto Big Three, there is uncertainty in the sales." The industry news provider said that as one of the most competitive markets in the auto industry, if Fuyao hopes to gain development in North America, it is essential to invest heavily in research and development. According to a report by credit rating agency Standard & Poor's, Fuyao’s competitors include multinational giants Asahi Glass, NSG/Pilkington, Guardian Industries Corp., and Compagniede Saint-Gobain. Pittsburgh Glass Works Co., Ltd. is also a competitor to Fuyao. The joint venture was established last year when PPG Industries sold its controlling share in the automotive glass division to Kohlberg & Co. LLC, a New York-based private equity group. In 2007, Standard & Poor's recognized the North American original equipment automotive glass market annual sales of 1.7 billion US dollars (11.6 billion yuan). However, as in most parts and components markets, the decline in car sales has also caused the automotive glass market to shrink significantly in recent times. At the same time, the Chinese domestic market suffered an export decline and the stock market plummeted in August. In November last year, Fuyao announced that it will stop producing two of the nine float glass production lines in China. Cao Dewang refused to disclose how Fuyao has adjusted in response to the global economic crisis. General Motors and Volkswagen are reluctant to comment on Fuyao's product offerings. The advantages gradually disappear? If Fuyao can take advantage of the cost-cutting trend in the United States and take advantage of cheaper domestic glass to win market share, the situation of Fuyao may be better after the market recovers. However, China’s competitive advantages in the export of windshields and other automotive glass to the United States are challenged by two long-term trends. First, the exchange rate of the renminbi against the US dollar has increased by 20% in the past three years, which has increased the cost of exports to the United States. Second, during the same period, the shortage of labor in China caused the pay of coastal provinces to increase at a rate of about 9% per year. Cao Dewang said that the labor cost of Fuyao in China is still 1/6 of that in the United States. Therefore, although Cao Dewang has obvious advantages compared with North American competitors, like his counterparts, Fuyao’s prospects in North America are also affected by the market downturn.
It can slow down the reaction, maintain chemical balance, reduce surface tension, prevent light, thermal decomposition or oxidative decomposition. it mainly includes lead salts, metal soaps, organic tin, organic antimony, organic rare earths, pure organic compounds. Thermal stabilizers commonly used in industry mainly include lead salts, metal soaps, organic tin, organic antimony, organic rare earths, pure organic compounds, etc.
1.1 Organotin Lead Salt Stabilizer, Compound Stabilizer,Pvc Stabilizer,Titanium Dioxide Anatase Henan Shunbang Chemical Industry CO.,Ltd , https://www.pvcresinchem.com
(1) Excellent transparency The biggest advantage of organotin stabilizers is that they have excellent transparency. The use of organotin stabilizers in PVC formulations can produce crystalline products. Because of this, organic tin can be used in bottles, containers, corrugated boards, various types of rigid packaging containers, hoses, profiles, films, etc.
(2) Extraordinary thermal stability In terms of thermal stability, there is no other type of thermal stabilizer that can surpass it. Therefore, it is the preferred stabilizer for rigid PVC, and some varieties have better performance in soft products. Suitable for all PVC homopolymers, such as emulsion, suspension and bulk PVC, as well as vinyl chloride copolymers, graft polymers and polymer blends.
(3) The product is non-toxic. Most organotin stabilizers are non-toxic, and the migration of organotin stabilizers in rigid PVC is minimal. Therefore, organotin stabilizers are the preferred heat stabilizers for PVC for food contact.
(4) Good compatibility. Organotin stabilizers have good compatibility with PVC, so there is generally no precipitation on the metal surface, such as lead salt stabilizers and metal soap stabilizer systems.
(5) Poor lubricity Sulfur-containing tin stabilizers have poor self-lubricity. Therefore, many commercially available sulfur-containing organotins are equipped with lubricants to prevent hot melt from adhering to processing equipment during processing.
(6) High cost Compared with other types of stabilizers, the overall performance of organotin stabilizers is closer to the ideal stabilizer. However, all organotin stabilizers, regardless of their structure, have the main disadvantage that their manufacturing cost is much higher than that of lead stabilizers or metal soap compounds. In recent years, by adopting new synthetic technology, or reducing its usage in formulas, its formula cost has been reduced. In the 1970s, foreign countries developed low-priced tin products, which reduced the tin content, which also reduced the price to a certain extent.
1.2 Lead salt
(1) l Excellent stability experiments proved that among the commonly used basic lead salts, the heat resistance of sulfite is better than that of sulfate, and the heat resistance of sulfate is better than that of phosphite. The tribasic lead sulfate, which is widely used in the PVC industry, has a higher effective lead content and shows better thermal stability than other products.
(2) Excellent insulation. Because lead salt is non-ionic and non-conductive, it is inert, which makes lead salt stabilizers widely used in wire and cable industries.
(3) Excellent weather resistance. Many salt compounds can act as white pigments and can show strong covering power, so they have strong weather resistance.
(4) Poor transparency Transparency is a problem related to weather resistance. When used in wires, cables and record materials, there is no need to care about transparency, because most of these products are white or very dark black.
(5) Inexpensive lead salt stabilizer is the lowest price among all stabilizers. Therefore, despite the continuous introduction of new stabilizers, lead salt stabilizers still dominate the stabilizer market after half a century. The composite lead salt introduced to solve the dust and dispersion problem has increased in price, but still maintains a competitive advantage with other types of stabilizers.
(6) The toxicity of the toxic lead salt stabilizer limits its application in many occasions with strict hygiene requirements. For example, many countries have revised the lead content standards in drinking water, and it is no longer possible to use lead salt in PVC water pipes.
(7) Poor dispersibility The dispersibility of salt lead is poor, but the newly launched one-package product is equipped with lubricants, which solves the dispersibility problem to a certain extent. Because of the above characteristics of lead salt stabilizers, they are especially suitable for high-temperature processing. They are widely used in various opaque hard and soft products and cable materials, such as various pipes, plates, indoor and outdoor profiles, foam plastics, artificial leather, and wires. Cables, records, welding rods, etc. The most important lead salt stabilizers are tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, and dibasic lead stearate.
1.3 Organic antimony
(1) Better stability. The organic antimony stabilizer has basically the same color stability and lower melt viscosity as organotin at the same temperature. In the twin-screw extrusion process, the effect is particularly outstanding when used in combination with calcium stearate. .
(2) The price of organic antimony stabilizer is much lower than that of methyl tin or butyl tin. In addition, the amount of organic antimony used is relatively low, so the use of organic antimony can achieve a better performance/price balance.
(3) The product is non-toxic. In the United States, when a twin-screw extruder is used to manufacture PVC pipes, the PVC water supply pipe manufactured with a formula composed of antimony stabilizers, calcium stearate and other lubricants conforms to the U.S. NSF (National Sanitation Foundation) )Regulation.
(4) Poor transparency and light stability. The transparency of organic antimony compounds is not as good as organotin stabilizers, and it is also lower than the barium/fu and calcium/zinc metal soap system. It is close to lead salts and has poor light stability, so antimony is stable. The agent is mostly used for indoor products without color requirements. The antimony stabilizer itself is also required to be stored in an opaque container.
(5) Poor lubricity. Antimony stabilizers have poor lubricity. Therefore, its use must be combined with a large amount of lubricant without exception.
1.4 Metal soap
(1) The tin soap stabilizer Fu soap is the best type of metal soap. Its advantages are also reflected in the absence of initial coloring, and can produce colorless and transparent products; excellent light stability; it has the effect of preventing precipitation and adhesion. . However, because tin salt is toxic, there are strict regulations on its manufacture and use in the Labor Safety and Health Law. In recent years, the use of Fuzao has shown a downward trend.
(2) Zinc soap stabilizerThe thermal stability of zinc-based stabilizer to PVC is extremely poor. The sample with zinc soap suddenly turns black when heated, that is, the so-called "Zine burning" phenomenon occurs, but it has the following advantages: The initial coloring is excellent; the effect of preventing fouling is good; it can improve the weather resistance; many zinc soaps are recognized as non-toxic stabilizers, so they can be used in non-toxic formulations with calcium soaps.
(3) Barium soap stabilizer Barium compounds have good thermal stability and good lubricity, but the red initial coloration occurs during processing, and it is easy to cause sticking to the roller.
(4) The stability of calcium soap stabilizer is poor, but it is recognized as a non-toxic additive in the world and has excellent lubricity.
(5) Other metal soap stabilizers used in the industry include magnesium stearate, file stearate, aluminum stearate, potassium stearate, etc., among which magnesium stearate is similar to calcium stearate and can be used Materials that are in contact with food; aluminum stearate is similar to zinc stearate, and is approved by the U.S. FDA and the Japanese Vinyl Chloride Food Hygiene Association for food packaging; Stearic Acid files and potassium stearate are also non-toxic products and belong to lead salts , Tin soap and barium soap substitute.
(6) The performance requirements of the composite metal soap stabilizer processing industry for stabilizers are various, and a single metal soap often cannot meet the use requirements, so the use of composite stabilizers has become a trend. A single metal soap compound is rarely used in the PVC industry, and it is usually a compound of several metal soaps. This compound is not a simple addition of properties, but takes advantage of the synergy between the components. The composite metal soap stabilizer generally includes the stabilizer main body (i.e. metal soap), solvent (organic solvent, plasticizer, liquid non-metal stabilizer, etc.), functional additives (auxiliary stabilizer, transparency modifier, light stabilizer, Lubricants, etc.). According to the form, it is divided into solid compound and liquid compound. According to the main component, it can be divided into calcium/zinc compound stabilizer, barium/fu compound stabilizer, barium/zinc compound stabilizer, etc. Among them, the calcium/zinc composite stabilizer has a pivotal role in replacing toxic metals because it is non-toxic.
1.5 Rare earth stabilizer
(1) Excellent thermal stability The thermal stability of rare earth stabilizers is better than traditional lead salt series and barium/zinc, barium/ho/zinc stabilizers. In some applications, rare earth stabilizers can partially or completely replace organotin.
(2) Good transparency. The refractive index of rare earth stabilizers is very close to that of PVC Resin, which can replace traditional organotin and be used in the field of products with higher transparency requirements.
(3) Excellent weather resistance. Rare earth elements can absorb 230-320nm ultraviolet light. Therefore, rare earth stabilizers have anti-photoaging effects and are suitable for outdoor products such as PVC corrugated boards and window materials.
(4) Excellent electrical insulation properties. Some rare earth multifunctional stabilizers can be used to replace lead salt stabilizers in cable material formulations, and their electrical insulation properties are comparable to lead salts.
(5) Non-toxic, safe and hygienic. Rare earth elements are low-toxic elements and have no toxic hazards to the human body in their production, processing, transportation and storage. Rare earth stabilizers are non-toxic products and can be used in food packaging and medical packaging products.
(6) The processing performance is slightly worse. In the case of a large amount of rare earth stabilizer, the roll release of the material is not ideal, and there is a tendency to press out. Generally, better results can be achieved by using stearic acid or calcium stearate in combination.
In summary, rare earth stabilizers can be used for water pipes, injection pipe fittings, window frame profiles, door panels, wire ducts, foam products, artificial leather, cable materials, soft and hard transparent products, food packaging materials, etc.
1.6 Auxiliary stabilizers Auxiliary stabilizers include phosphite, epoxy soybean oil, hindered phenols, etc., which mainly rely on the synergistic effect between metal stabilizers to improve the stabilizing effect, and are generally called co-stabilizers. In addition to compounds such as mesaminocrotonic acid ester, 2-phenyl saccharin, vein derivatives, and diketone can be used in combination with metal stabilizers to improve the effect of metal stabilizers, they also have a certain stabilizing effect. Such compounds are usually called pure organic stabilizers. With the development of PVC stabilizers today, the progress of metal stabilizers is relatively slow, and the research and development of auxiliary stabilizers are unprecedentedly active, which has constituted a major trend in the field of PvC stabilizers. Auxiliary stabilizers are rarely used alone, and are often used in conjunction with primary stabilizers to improve initial coloration or improve long-term stability.