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Understanding Turning Inser...
Turning inserts are indispensable tools in CNC turning machines, playing a key role in shaping and cutting workpieces. While turning inserts are vital, turning holders are equally important, as they hold these inserts firmly in place during the machining process. In this article, we’ll explore the intricacies of turning insert holders, focusing particularly on their coding conventions and clamping techniques.
**Holder Coding**: Turning insert holders come with codes that signify several attributes, including the method of insert fixation, the geometry of the insert, the holder’s lead angle, and more. These coding systems might differ based on the manufacturer or the standard being adhered to. For instance, in a typical coding scheme, the initial character in a holder code denotes the method of insert fixation. “S†stands for screw clamping, “D†indicates rigid clamping, “M†suggests a top wedge lock, “P†means lever lock, and so forth. The selection of the fixation method depends on factors like cutting forces, accessibility, and the type of machining operation.
**Clamping Methods**: Turning insert holders employ various clamping methods to keep inserts secure during machining. Screw clamping, indicated by “S†in the holder code, is widely used for positive inserts where the clearance angle isn’t zero. Despite being less robust than other methods, screw clamping is compact and offers good access, making it ideal for internal or boring operations where cutting forces are relatively low.
**Rigid Clamping**, marked by “D†in the holder code, is a stronger clamping method where a pin passes through the insert hole and secures the insert by pressing it down. However, this method may not be optimal for internal machining or boring tasks due to its bulkier design. Holders designed for roughing or operations involving high cutting forces often include shims made from hard materials to evenly distribute stress and prolong the lifespan of the holders. These shims are replaceable and can be swapped out when damaged.
**Other Clamping Methods**: Besides screw and rigid clamping, other methods such as top wedge locks (denoted by “M†in the holder code) and lever locks (marked by “Pâ€) are also utilized. Some manufacturers may even develop proprietary clamping mechanisms.
**Matching Insert Shape and Holder Code**: The second character in a holder code corresponds to the shape of the insert, and it must align with the first character of the insert code to function correctly. For example, if an insert has an 80-degree rhombus shape, its first code character would be “Câ€. To pair this insert with a holder, the holder’s second code character should also be “Câ€, ensuring compatibility between the two components.
**Holder Lead Angle**: The third character in a holder code refers to the holder’s lead angle or approach angle, which is the angle between the cutting edge and the workpiece. Depending on the standard, different lead angles are represented by different characters. If the lead angle is 93 degrees, it could be denoted by “J†in the holder code.
**Conclusion**: Turning insert holders are fundamental to the machining process, offering stability and precision to cutting operations. Familiarizing yourself with the coding rules and clamping techniques for turning insert holders is crucial for choosing the appropriate holder for specific machining tasks. By aligning the insert shape with the holder code, along with considering factors like clamping method and lead angle, you can achieve efficient and reliable turning operations in your CNC turning machine. Mastering these elements will enhance productivity and help maintain high-quality results in your machining endeavors.
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